Laporan Akhir 2
Percobaan 4 Sistem Lampur Jalan Otomatis
a. Prosedur [Kembali]
b. Hardware dan Diagram Blok [Kembali]
- Hardware
1. STM32 NUCLEO-G474RE
2. PIR Sensor
3. LDR Sensor
4. Driver Motor L298
5. Resistor 1k ohm
6. LED
- Diagram Blok
c. Rangkaian Simulasi dan Prinsip Kerja [Kembali]
- Rangkaian Simulasi
- Prinsip Kerja
Sistem lampu jalan otomatis ini bekerja menggunakan sensor LDR, sensor PIR, push button, dan mikrokontroler STM32 sebagai pengendali utama. Sensor LDR digunakan untuk mendeteksi kondisi cahaya lingkungan. Ketika kondisi terang atau siang hari, nilai pembacaan LDR berada di bawah batas threshold sehingga STM32 mematikan lampu jalan. Sebaliknya, saat kondisi gelap atau malam hari, STM32 akan mengaktifkan lampu dengan mode redup menggunakan PWM. Sensor PIR digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya gerakan manusia atau kendaraan di sekitar lampu jalan. Jika PIR mendeteksi gerakan, STM32 akan meningkatkan duty cycle PWM sehingga lampu menyala lebih terang selama beberapa detik sesuai waktu timeout yang telah ditentukan pada program.
Selain bekerja otomatis berdasarkan cahaya dan gerakan, sistem juga dilengkapi push button sebagai mode darurat menggunakan interrupt eksternal (EXTI). Ketika tombol ditekan, interrupt akan langsung mengubah status emergency_mode sehingga lampu jalan dipaksa mati tanpa mengganggu program utama yang terus berjalan. Setelah tombol ditekan kembali, sistem kembali bekerja normal secara otomatis. Dengan konsep ini, lampu jalan menjadi lebih hemat energi karena hanya menyala terang saat diperlukan dan tetap dapat dikontrol secara manual ketika kondisi darurat terjadi.
d. Flowchart dan Listing Program [Kembali]
- Flowchart
- Listing Program
/* ================= main.h ================= */
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H
#include "stm32g4xx_hal.h"
/* ================= PIN DEFINITIONS ================= */
/* LDR (ADC) */
#define LDR_PORT GPIOA
#define LDR_PIN GPIO_PIN_0 // PA0
/* PIR SENSOR */
#define PIR_PORT GPIOA
#define PIR_PIN GPIO_PIN_1 // PA1
/* PUSH BUTTON */
#define BUTTON_PORT GPIOB
#define BUTTON_PIN GPIO_PIN_1 // PB1
/* LED PWM */
#define LED_PORT GPIOA
#define LED_PIN GPIO_PIN_6 // PA6 (TIM3_CH1)
/* ================= FUNCTION PROTOTYPES ================= */
void SystemClock_Config(void);
void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
void MX_TIM3_Init(void);
void Error_Handler(void);
#endif
/* ================= main.c ================= */
#include "main.h"
/* ================= HANDLE ================= */
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;
/* ================= VARIABLE ================= */
volatile uint8_t emergency_mode = 0;
uint32_t last_motion_time = 0;
/* fallback tombol */
uint8_t last_button_state = 1;
/* ================= PARAMETER ================= */
#define LDR_THRESHOLD 2000
#define MOTION_TIMEOUT 5000
#define LED_OFF 0
#define LED_DIM 100
#define LED_FULL 1000
/* ================= CLOCK ================= */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType =
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 |
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* ================= GPIO ================= */
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* PIR → PA1 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* BUTTON → PB1 (Pull-up + Interrupt) */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* LED PWM → PA6 (TIM3_CH1) */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF2_TIM3;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* Interrupt EXTI untuk PB1 */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI1_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI1_IRQn);
}
/* ================= ADC ================= */
void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
__HAL_RCC_ADC12_CLK_ENABLE();
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV2;
hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
hadc1.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
hadc1.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;
if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_1; // PA0
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_12CYCLES_5;
sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
sConfig.Offset = 0;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* ================= PWM ================= */
void MX_TIM3_Init(void)
{
__HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_ENABLE();
htim3.Instance = TIM3;
htim3.Init.Prescaler = 64 - 1;
htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim3.Init.Period = 1000 - 1;
htim3.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim3.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim3, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* ================= INTERRUPT CALLBACK ================= */
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
if (GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_1)
{
emergency_mode = !emergency_mode;
}
}
/* ================= HELPER ================= */
uint16_t read_LDR(void)
{
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
return HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
}
void set_LED(uint16_t value)
{
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1, value);
}
/* ================= MAIN ================= */
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_ADC1_Init();
MX_TIM3_Init();
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
while (1)
{
/* ===== fallback button ===== */
uint8_t current_button = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
if (last_button_state == 1 && current_button == 0)
{
emergency_mode = !emergency_mode;
HAL_Delay(50); // debounce
}
last_button_state = current_button;
/* ===== MODE DARURAT ===== */
if (emergency_mode)
{
set_LED(LED_OFF);
continue;
}
uint16_t ldr = read_LDR();
uint8_t pir = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_1);
/* ===== SIANG ===== */
if (ldr < LDR_THRESHOLD)
{
set_LED(LED_OFF);
}
else
{
/* ===== MALAM ===== */
if (pir == GPIO_PIN_SET)
{
last_motion_time = HAL_GetTick();
}
if ((HAL_GetTick() - last_motion_time) < MOTION_TIMEOUT)
{
set_LED(LED_FULL);
}
else
{
set_LED(LED_DIM);
}
}
HAL_Delay(100);
}
}
/* ================= ERROR HANDLER ================= */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
}
e. Video Demo [Kembali]
f. Analisa [Kembali]
g. Download File [Kembali]
File Analisa [Klik disini]
Video Demo [Disini]
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